Loss-Ratio Reports

The loss-ratio report is the operator's financial view into Levy Cover. It lives at /dashboard/insurance/reports and answers two questions: how much premium has the fleet generated, and how much has the carrier paid out in claims on rides from that fleet.

What "loss ratio" means

loss ratio = paid claims / premium collected

A loss ratio of 60% on a $10,000 premium pool means the carrier paid $6,000 in claims out of $10,000 premium collected. The remaining $4,000 covers carrier overhead, capital reserves, distributor commission, and carrier profit.

Healthy embedded micro-insurance loss ratios run below 70%. Above 70%, the carrier starts looking at price adjustments or jurisdiction exits.

Report layout

The report has four sections:

1. Headline numbers

• Premium collected - total Levy Cover premium charged through the date range.
• Claims paid - total dollar amount paid out by the carrier on claims from rides in the date range.
• Loss ratio - the percentage.
• Claim count - number of distinct claims paid in the range.
• Claim frequency - claims per 1,000 rides.

2. Per-tier breakdown

For each tier offered (Standard in v1; all three in v2):

• Premium collected
• Claims paid
• Loss ratio for the tier
• Claim count
• Average payout per approved claim

This is the most useful drill-down for understanding whether the tier mix is healthy. Premium often has higher loss ratio than Standard - it covers personal injury, which has larger payouts when it triggers.

3. Per-vehicle-type breakdown

For each vehicle model in the fleet (scooter / e-bike / moped):

• Premium collected
• Claims paid
• Claim frequency per 1,000 rides

Vehicles with disproportionately high claim frequency are surfaced as a "Vehicles to inspect" list - typically a sign of a model with worn brakes, loose handlebars, or other latent mechanical issues.

4. Top claim categories

A simple table of incident types by frequency:

Operators often find that theft dominates in tourist-heavy locations, while vehicle damage dominates in commuter-heavy locations.

API

The report data is exposed at GET /api/dashboard/insurance/reports/loss-ratio?from=&to=. The endpoint returns the same numbers the UI renders. Operators with their own BI tooling can pull this directly.

Time ranges

The report supports preset ranges (last 7, 30, 90 days; year-to-date; previous month / quarter) and custom date ranges. The premium and claim numbers are based on ride completion date and claim payout date respectively - both fall within the selected range.

Note: a claim filed in January for a December ride shows up in December's premium (premium is anchored to the ride) and the month of payout in claims paid. The numbers reconcile over the full year but can look noisy month-to-month for low-volume fleets.

What a "good" loss ratio looks like

Industry benchmarks (with the caveat that micromobility is newer than auto or travel insurance):

• Below 50% - excellent. The carrier is comfortable, premiums are stable.
• 50-65% - normal. Most healthy regions sit here.
• 65-75% - watch. Premiums may rise next year.
• 75-90% - poor. Carrier likely restricts coverage or raises prices.
• Above 90% - unsustainable. Coverage may be withdrawn from the region.

A single bad quarter on a small subaccount can look catastrophic - one $4,000 Premium-tier injury claim against $300 of monthly premium is a 1,333% loss ratio for that month, but a few months of normal experience normalize it. Read trailing 90-day numbers rather than monthly.

What operators can influence

Operators cannot change pricing (carrier-set) or adjudication (carrier-decided), but they can move the needle on loss ratio:

• Maintain vehicles. Lower mechanical failure rate -> fewer rider-caused damage claims that turn out to be vehicle-caused.
• Promote the right tier. If the rider base is mostly tourists with high theft risk, encouraging Standard or Premium reduces uninsured theft losses.
• Use Rider Score (Phase 2). High-score riders generate fewer claims. The Rider Score integration (see Rider Score Discounts) gates discounts on safe behavior.
• Set geofences thoughtfully. Restricting unlocks in high-risk zones reduces the claims those zones generate.

What ops sees vs what the carrier sees

The dashboard report shows what the operator generated and what the carrier paid out on rides from that subaccount. The carrier's own dashboard shows the full picture across all Levy distribution, including underwriting profitability, capital usage, and aggregated claim trends across operators. Operators do not have access to that view - it is the carrier's internal data.

If a subaccount needs a deeper read - e.g. for a city permit renewal that requires loss-ratio disclosure - Levy ops can request an attestation from the carrier and pass it through.

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